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Katherine Swynford
Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster (also spelled Katharine or Catherine〔Churchill, Winston S. 'The Houses of York and Lancaster', ''The Birth of Britain'', p 435. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1956. Print.〕), was the third wife of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. She had been the Duke's lover for many years before their marriage. The couple's children, born before the marriage, were later legitimated during the reign of the Duke's nephew, Richard II, although with the provision that neither they nor their descendants could ever claim the throne of England.
Their descendants were members of the Beaufort family, which played a major role in the Wars of the Roses. Henry VII, who became King of England in 1485, derived his claim to the throne from his mother Margaret Beaufort, who was a great-granddaughter of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford. His legal claim to the throne, however, was through a matrilineal and previously illegitimate line and Henry's first action was to declare himself king "by right of conquest" retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before his army defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth.〔S.. Chrimes, ''Henry VII'', p. 50.〕
== Family ==
Katherine was the daughter of Paon de Roet, a herald, and later knight, who was "probably christened as Gilles". She had two sisters, Philippa and Isabel (also called Elizabeth) de Roet, and a brother, Walter. Isabel later became Canoness of the convent of St. Waudru's, Mons, c. 1366. Katherine is generally held to have been his youngest child. However, Alison Weir argues that Philippa was the junior and that both were children of a second marriage.〔 Katherine's sister Philippa, a lady of Queen Philippa's household, married the poet Geoffrey Chaucer.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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